Skip to Content
Streetsblog New York City home
Streetsblog New York City home
Log In
Streetsblog

SHORT-SIGHTED! Milwaukee May Kill Bus Routes that Fix Racial-Economic Divide

Properly designed bus routes can help low-income workers gain access to better paying jobs, according to a new study out of Wisconsin that lands on officials' desk just as they are considering eliminating two such routes that are working exactly as designed.

The study from the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee [PDF] examined the so-called "spatial mismatch" problem — where inner-city residents are isolated from suburban job opportunities. In Milwaukee, the 6 and 61 bus routes were designed four years ago to an answer that problem — but are now slated for elimination if the state doesn't renew the funding.

That would be a tragedy. The study found that the bus routes — which connect some of Milwaukee's poorest and most-segregated neighborhoods to high-growth job centers in the suburbs — were not only working, but suburban employers were grateful for the added access to employees.

"The region will not prosper as long as large areas of Milwaukee remain impoverished, cut off from areas where job growth is occurring," study author and urban studies professor Joel Rast wrote. "And employers outside Milwaukee County will continue to face significant worker shortages if ways are not found to connect job-seeking Milwaukee residents with the positions these businesses seek to fill."

There are 15,000 jobs at 700 employers that, until the launch of the the 6 and 61 bus routes in 2015, were completely inaccessible by transit. The bus routes were hard fought; Local civil rights groups sued the statefor discrimination in transportation funding, winning $11.5 million over four years to operate bus service to suburban Waukesha and Washington counties in a legal settlement with the state.

Milwaukee is one of the nation's most-segregatedmetro areas. And mostly white suburban counties like Waukesha had long bitterly resisted a bus connection with Milwaukee — even as the county became an increasingly important jobs destination.

Interviews with 10 employers and 101 bus riders found that the two "Jobsline" bus route are indeed an economic lifeline for those who needed it the most.

Among the bus riders surveyed, 87 percent said the bus routes were extremely important to them for maintaining their job. Fully, 42 percent said they would be forced to quit their jobs if the bus routes disappeared. Most of the bus riders — 66 percent — said they used the bus primarily to get to work. They were overwhelmingly black — 70 percent — and almost four in five came from Milwaukee's nine poorest zip codes.

Among the workers, about a third were making less than $10 an hour, but, in general, wages ranged well above minimum wage. Riders of Jobsline bus routes were all almost totally dependent on transit. Only 27 percent had a valid drivers license and just 14 percent had access to a car, according to the survey.

"Many were enduring long commute times to get to low-paying jobs," wrote Rast. "Still, they were highly motivated to work."

The two routes carried about a combined 1,000 rides per day.

The 6 and 61 bus routes overwhelmingly served black residents of some of Milwaukee's poorest zip codes, connecting them with growing suburban job centers. Map: University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
The 6 and 61 bus routes overwhelmingly served black residents of some of Milwaukee's poorest and most segregated zip codes, connecting them with growing suburban job centers. Map: University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
false

Meanwhile interviews with employers also supported the need for the service. The 10 companies interviewed reported about half their employees lived in Milwaukee.

Some of the companies did not know whether their employees rode the bus to work. But at least one said about a quarter of the employees relied on the 61. A majority said the bus routes were "beneficial to their company," and others "emphasized that transit service played a key role in the recruitment of workers," according to Rast.

One employer reported he had a long-time employee, with a disability that prevented him from driving. The employee is so worried that he "asks Human Resources every day if the bus routes are going to be cancelled." Another employer told Rast that "his company has already lost some employees because of the news that bus service may be terminated soon."

Opinions about the bus lines obviously varied from employer to employer, but all except one said that hiring was becoming increasingly difficult.

Rast recommended that the state renew funding for the two routes and reconfigure them slightly, perhaps offering express service and better tailoring the run times to workers' shifts.

Stay in touch

Sign up for our free newsletter

More from Streetsblog New York City

‘Travel Hack’: Port Authority Pushes Airport Driving to Avoid Its Pricey AirTrain Fare

Use this trick to undermine our own service, the Port Authority says.

November 25, 2024

The Year-End Appeal: Why We Ask for Help

Every year at this time, we take stock of our achievements over the previous 12 months ... and kindly beg for contributions. Thanks.

November 25, 2024

The Emissions Data GOP Pols Don’t Want Americans To See

Dozens of red states sued to stop the release of their state transportation emissions data. A new report gives a glimpse into what they were trying to hide.

November 25, 2024

Monday’s Headlines: This Culture War is Driving Us Mad Edition

Obviously, drivers will do anything to deflect the effect that all their driving causes. Plus other news.

November 25, 2024

DOT E-Bike Charging Pilot is a Success as City Plans More

"The goal should be to increase e-bike usage and to make sure battery charging and storage is done outside of dangerous areas," one charging advocate said.

November 25, 2024
See all posts